1. Circular Blade: The machine uses a toothed circular blade made of various materials, including high-speed steel or carbide-tipped, designed for cutting specific materials like wood, metal, or plastic.
2. Motor and Power Source: Circular saws can be corded or cordless. Corded saws plug into an electrical outlet, while cordless ones are powered by rechargeable batteries. The motor drives the blade for cutting.
3. Adjustable Cutting Depth and Angle: Most circular saws allow adjustment of the cutting depth and angle, enabling bevel cuts or adjusting the depth for different thicknesses of materials.
4. Guard and Safety Features: Circular saws have a blade guard that covers the blade during operation for safety. Some models also have safety switches or trigger locks to prevent accidental starts.
5. Base Plate or Shoe: The flat metal or plastic base plate rests on the material being cut and provides stability and support. Some have markings for accurate cutting measurements.
6. Handle and Trigger: Circular saws have a handle for gripping and maneuvering the tool, along with a trigger or switch to start and stop the blade.
7. Dust Extraction Port: Some models feature a dust extraction port for attaching a vacuum to collect sawdust, improving visibility and reducing mess.

Circular saws are commonly used in woodworking, construction, and DIY projects for making straight cuts in materials such as wood, plywood, plastic, metal, and even tiles. They come in different sizes and configurations, from handheld models to larger table-mounted or track-guided saws, catering to various cutting needs.